These include defence industries, where its unique properties are harnessed for a range of military applications. It is used to harden lead in bullets and shrapnel, and is a key component in armour-piercing projectiles and artillery primers. The element is also essential in the production of night vision goggles and infrared sensors, making it indispensable for surveillance technologies. It’s also heavily relied upon in the technology sector, where antimony is found in everything from circuit boards and semiconductors to electrical switches and fluorescent lighting. Its ability to enhance conductivity and flame resistance makes it ideal for precision electronics. Additionally, it is used in the production of high-quality clear glass, vital for both consumer and industrial applications.
Antimony is also becoming increasingly important in the clean energy transition. It is used in copper wiring insulation and is a critical component in both lead-acid and next-generation liquid-metal batteries. Its applications extend to solar panel manufacturing and wind turbines, helping store and distribute renewable energy efficiently.
However, despite the fact that antimony is essential to the USA’s national security and economic vitality, China, Russia and Tajikistan control 90% of the world’s supply. There is currently no US domestic production of Antimony, creating a significant national defence issue.
Its exceptional hardness and high melting point make it indispensable for military applications, including tank armor, armor-piercing artillery, rifle ammunition, and emerging hypersonic weapons systems.
Beyond defense, tungsten’s durability and density make it essential for heavy-duty industrial use. It is used in rocket equipment, construction and drilling tools, automotive engine components, and as a wear-resistant alloy in harsh environments where strength and heat resistance are paramount.
Tungsten is also an important material in advanced electronics and clean technologies. It plays a role in battery technology, semiconductors, and equipment for vehicle production. Its ability to conduct electricity and withstand high temperatures makes it ideal for circuit boards, power supply units, lighting systems, and shielding in X-ray and radiation applications.
However, there is a looming supply crunch due to a lack of domestic production in the United States. Currently, most tungsten mining and processing occurs in China, followed by Vietnam, Russia, North Korea, Bolivia, and Spain—raising concerns about supply chain security for this strategically vital metal.
